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This study demonstrates that hybrid water microgrids, integrating centralized and decentralized systems, significantly enhance resilience and sustainability in water supply by effectively managing disruptions such as pump failures and pipe leaks, outperforming traditional systems.
This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by thoroughly exploring various studied microgrid structures, conducting qualitative assessments to discern their strengths and weaknesses, and ultimately proposing a robust framework for designing and implementing.
Using a thematic, literature-based approach, the research investigates how smart microgrids— integrating renewable energy sources such as solar with IoT technologies—can improve energy access, reliability, and cost-efficiency in underserved communities.
This article describes the main types of microgrid control architectures, including centralized, decentralized, distributed, and hierarchical approaches, and compares their characteristics and limitations.