Net metering is a billing method used by utility companies to compensate homeowners who have a solar system for the excess energy they send to the grid. Some states, like Massachusetts, have true net metering, where you're compensated the full retail rate for every kWh you.
Photovoltaic (PV) panels generate direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight hits the silicon cells, electrons get excited and flow in one direction – like commuters rushing into a subway during rush hour. This unidirectional flow is the hallmark.
Hard water can cause scaling on the surface of solar panels, which can then lead to a lack of efficiency and possibly cause a short circuit that can break it completely.