Photovoltaic battery energy storage system for communication base stations

This paper explores the integration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage solutions to optimize energy management in 5G base stations. By utilizing IoT characteristics, we propose a dual-layer modeling algorithm that maximizes carbon efficiency and return on investment while ensuring service quality.

Energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness are two core considerations in the design and planning of modern communication networks. This research proposes a bi-level model algorithm (see Fig. 1) to optimize the photovoltaic capacity and battery storage capacity of hybrid energy supply base stations.

1. This study integrates solar power and battery storage into 5G networks to enhance sustainability and cost-efficiency for IoT applications. The approach minimizes dependency on traditional energy grids, reducing operational costs and environmental impact, thus paving the way for greener 5G networks. 2.

Regarding resource allocation strategies, traditional methods have primarily focused on traffic and quality of service, treating energy supply as a continuous and stable resource. However, as base stations begin to leverage distributed solar power generation, this energy supply becomes constrained both temporally and spatially.

The simulation results in Fig. 5 indicate that although the highest electricity savings from the grid, 18.71%, are achieved when using 11 photovoltaic panels with a capacity of 3000 Wh, considering factors such as cost, the electricity savings remain high at 18.09% when using 5 photovoltaic panels with a capacity of 4000 Wh.

Research indicates that the energy consumption of 5G base stations is approximately three to four times higher compared to 4G base stations, raising concerns about sustainability and operational costs, The main reasons for this result are twofold. The theoretical peak downlink rate of 5G networks is 12.5 times that of 4G networks.