In this paper, a smart microgrid implemented in Paracas, Ica, Peru, composed of 6kWp PV + 6kW Wind and that provides electricity to a rural community of 40 families, was studied using a data science approach.
By incorporating renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and advanced control systems, microgrids help to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and promote the use of clean and sustainable energy sources.
Using a thematic, literature-based approach, the research investigates how smart microgrids— integrating renewable energy sources such as solar with IoT technologies—can improve energy access, reliability, and cost-efficiency in underserved communities.
This study establishes and categorizes six control strategies as the primary conceptual foundation for developing control models for new microgrid applications. The control approaches mentioned are adaptive, intelligent, predictive, robust, linear, and nonlinear.
Increasing digitalization is exposing microgrids to cyberattacks, potentially impairing voltage and frequency stability and power sharing performance, thus threatening operational reliability and energy security.