This paper introduces the working principle and energy storage structure of gravitational potential energy storage as a physical energy storage method, analyzes in detail the new pumped energy storage, gravitational energy storage system based on structure height difference, based on mountain drop, based on underground shaft and integrated energy storage system, introduces the research status of gravitational energy storage and demonstration projects at home and abroad, summarizes and analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of various energy storage structures, and finally looks forward to the gravitational energy storage Finally, the development prospect of gravity energy storage is prospected, and development suggestions are put forward.